In this section we are going to see about Protocols in Networking. Each and every activities as its own rules or protocols. Protocols are applied when it needed the most, each and every protocols as its own characteristics.
Some of the most important Protocols that are used in identifying the IP are,
- ICMP
- ARP
- RARP
- PARP
ICMP (INTERNET CONTROL MESSAGE PROTOCOLS) works in Network Layer, reason of using ICMP is to find the information about Network problem.
When to use ICMP?
-Destination Unreachable, if a router cant send a Datagram, the router sends a request to the receiver about the status to clarify whether the data is received by the receiver.
-Buffer Full, when a router memory is full, the router uses ICMP to check the congestion in the Network.
-Time Exceed, each datagram is given a time to pass through each hops, if the datagram exceeds the given time, the router deletes the datagram and then uses the ICMP to tell status about the expiration of the datagram as a message.
ARP
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used to find the hardware address of a host. ARP sends a Broadcast address to interrogate about the IP address of a host. ARP translates software address to hardware address.
RARP
RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) when a machine is in virtual location, it is difficult to identify the IP address. In this situation we can use RARP. RARP sends a packet, that includes a request about its MAC address and request for IP address
the IP address assigned to MAC address. Then the machine looks for IP in RARP server and responds back.
PARP
PARP (Proxy Address Resolution Protocol) is used for adding a single router or proxy server on the Network without disturbing routing table. PARP is used in router as a service. Using PARP is not advised, because it increases the traffic and hosts lookout in ARP table.